Steam-boiler.



R. FARIES.

STEAM BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY Z. 1913.

1,221,43 1 m Patented Apr. 3, 19H.

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struction, combination, and

ROBERT FARIES, 0F DECATUR, ILLINOIS.

STEAM-BOILER.

Application filed July 7, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Bonner F ARIES, a citizen of the United States, a resident of Decatur, in the county of Macon and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful improvements in Steam-Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in steam boilers and has for its object the provision of means for attaining the following desirable qualities:

1st. Simplicity and ease of construction.

2nd. A form convenient for transportation and erection.

3rd. Freedom as near as possible from destructive expansion and contraction.

41th. Freedom of access for inspection, cleaning and repairing.

5th. The complete combustion of the fuel gases as nearly as possible.

6th. The reduction of the temperature of the products of combustion to a degree lower than that of the steam being generated.

7th. A simple and effective super-heater.

8th. As a result of the sum of the foregoing desirable features, great efficiency, economy and durability.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and such other objects as mayherei-na-fter appear, my invention consists in the conarrangement of parts hereinafter described and then sought to be defined in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof and which illustrate the preferred construction of my invention, it being understood however that various changes may be made in practice within the scope of the claims without digressing from my inventive idea.

In the drawings Figure 1 represents a vertical section through a boiler, constructed according to my invention.

Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section of the boiler proper taken substantially on line 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 3' is a vertical section taken substantially on line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4c is a horizontal section taken substantially on line 461 of Fig. 3'.

Throughout the drawings like characters of reference are used to designate corresponding parts.

Broadly speaking my invention includes Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 3, lair.

Serial No. 777,639.

in combination a fire or combustion chamber .5, a boiler chamber 6 adjacent thereto, separated below by a partition wall 8, but open above for the passage of the products of combustion from the former to the latter; a boiler mounted therein consisting of a cluster of water tubes 6 connecting a water or mud drum, at the bottom 17, (hereafter called the mud drum) and a water and steam drum 16- at the top, (hereafter called the steam drum) the tubes standing nearly vertical but preferably inclined in the direction of the combustion chamber for a reason hereafter explained.

Referring now to the drawings the numoral 1 designates the structure as a whole, including the fire front 2, back wall 3 and partition walls 4.

It is seen that the partition wall a divides the space between the fire front 2 and the back wall 3 into two chambers, the combustion chamber 5 and the boiler chamber 6. The boiler tubes being shown inclining toward the combustion chamber 5 at an angle of approximately 15 degrees to the vertical which is the preferred angle because while it admits of a partition wall of ample strength below where strength is most needed, it runs to a comparatively thin edge at the top where the products of combustion pass over it to the boiler chamber 6 and at the same time leaving space 7 alongside of the mud drum for gases to pass around on their way to the flue or chimney 25. Besides the advantages mentioned, this angle throws the steam drum 16 partly over the combustion chamber 5 enabling a shorter arch 8 to cover the space between the fire front 2 and the steam drum 16 and yet the position of the tubes is so nearly vertical that ashes are not likely to lie on them but will fall to the tube sheet below, which is on an incline favorable to their being swept off by the descending gases orby mechanical means to the lowest point below the mud drum 17 where they are readily removed through tunnel 8 and ash pit 8. It is how ever understood that the angle of the tubes may be varied to a limited extent as desired. 9 designates the grate and 10 the usual doors.

Peep hole 11 is also provided in the Wall of the combustion chamber for the purpose of viewing the process of combustion. EX-

tending around the body of the apparatus are bars or bands 12 of cast iron bolted or 'wardly extending flanges 13.

otherwise securely fastened to the fire front 2 which as shown are provided with in- Bands 12 serve the double purpose of supporting and strengthening the inclosing wall and of framing the openings 15 and 15, the former to give access to the boiler chamber for cleaning the outside of the tubes, and the lat ter to admit air to the combustion chamber when needed to assist in making more complete combustion.

Mounted at the two extreme ends of the boiler chamber or compartment are the drums 16 and 17, the upper being the steam drum and the lower being the mud drum. These drums are of substantially the same shape being generally cylindrical but the opposing portions or sides thereof are flattened to form the tube sheets 18 which are secured to the cylindrical part of the drum proper by means of rivets as shown. One end of each drum is provided with a manhole 19 having detachable covers 19' to permit access of the workman to construct, clean and repair the apparatus, the drums being of a sufficientsize to admit a man. Mounted in the tube sheets 18 and connecting the drums are the water tubes, 20 which incline, in the present case, at an angle of 15 degrees to the vertical as hereinbefore stated. These tubes are designed to be subjected to the heat of the products of combustion so as to raise the temperature of the water contained therein and generate steam. Due to the pressure of steam and'water in the drums tending to force the fiat tube sheets into the cylindrical form to correspond with the other part of the drums it is necessary to stay or brace against this action, which would ordinarily be done in the well known way of fixed staybolts or rods, but as in this case the stays must be readily removable to give free working space to the workmen in the drums, I accomplish this by screwing threaded eye-bolts 21 into tapped holes in the tube sheets and others into nut bars 22 opposite them which nut bars extend the full length of the drums and are held in place and supported by yokes, or stirrups 23 securely riveted to the curved part of the drums. ,Each pair of opposed eye-bolts is connected by a bar 24 having a turn-buckle 25 in its middle for lengthening or shortening and provided with a hook or other readily detachable means 26 at each end for connection with the eyebolts.

Extending longitudinally in the mud drum 17 is the water supply pipe 28 having the series of apertures 29 provided therein so as to supply water at a plurality of points throughout the drum. In order to insure that the steam which passes out of the apparatus to be consumed is sutliciently dry, I provide the superheating pipes or tubes 30 extending from the top of the steam drum 16 down to the main steam pipe 31 with which they are connected. These superheating pipes 30 are protected from the direct heat by means of suitable tiling 31' or other insulating material. made for the safety valve.

The course of the products of combustion is indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 and it is seen that the bottom portion of the steam drum 16 and the upper portions of the water tubes 20 are subjected to the most intense heat and are therefore raised to a higher temperature than the lower portion of the water tubes and the mud drum as the heated gases and products of combustion pass down along and among said tubes 20, around and under said mud drum 17 in the space 3% to the fine 35 which leads to the chimney or other discharge. It is therefore seen that comparatively cool water being fed into the bottom drum is gradually and increasingly heated as it moves upwardly in the tubes 20 in inverse direction to the descending gases of combustion until it reaches the boiling point which will usually be near the top of the division wall 4 between the combustion chamber and the boiler chamber and which upper portion of the tubes may properly be termed the steam generating part thereof.

As steam is generated it naturally attempts to separate from the Water. Such action is what is termed boiling and in narrow or choked passages it carries much of the water with it until they arrive at a place where there is room for them to separate. In the boiler being described the steam drum 16 provides this space. Now it naturally follows that the water constantly carried up by the steam must have some means of returning to be worked over or the steam drum speedily becomes full and choked with water. Ordinarily it would return to the bottom drum 17 through some of the cooler, or less intensely heated water tubes, thus to mingle with the cooler incoming water and speedily bring the temperature of all the water to within a few degrees of the same temperature in all parts of the boiler. This is what is known as general circulation and in common practice it is desired and thought to be essential. Now it is the aim and chief object of my invention to prevent this general circulation as nearly as possible, thus The connection 32 is more plainly shown in the sectional enlarged detail drawing Fig. 3, the current of the water being shown by the arrows. These inner tubes 86 should extend down to near, or below the top of the partition wall 4, especially in the front or more intensely heated water tubes 20 and they may decrease in length in the tubes more remote from the direct action of the hot gases. It will be observed that these inner tubes 36 are much longer than the available space in the steam drum 16 for putting them in if they were made in one piece as shown in the drawings. They will be made in sections of suitable length of tin or other thin sheet metal and slipped together as put in and secured together by bayonet joints or otherwise, as for instance by soldering, to keep them from slipping apart. 7

Attention is to be particularly directed to the fact that all of the products of combustion, at their highest temperature, pass to the bottom of the steam drum and upper end of the water tubes, theportion of the boiler where the steam is being liberated from the water, and consequently the hottest Water covered surface of the boiler. Thus it follows as a natural sequence that while the products of combustion as they leave the fire chamber, being always hotter at this moment than the steam being generated, will naturally pass a portion of their heat through the walls of the boiler to the water and steam contained therein, they will not be so greatly reduced in temperature as to prevent further combustionof the unconsumed portion of these gases as they pass down among the water tubes to the mud-drum and around it on their way to the chimney or flue; thus striking the boiler at its hottest point and leaving it at its coolest point, though still retaining sufiicient heat to increase the temperature of the incoming feed water, which water will gradually become hotter and hotter as it comparatively slowly passes up in the water tubes in contrary direction to the descending hot gases on the outside of the tubes until it finally reaches the boiling point at or near the steam drum where the products of combustion are the hottest.

What I claim 'is:-

1. An apparatus of the character dedrums, means for supplying water to the lower drum, means for discharging steam from the upper drum, the general movement of the water being upward in said water tubes, means for providing an additional circulation of the water in the upper portion of the water tubes where they are subjected to the hottest gases and products of combustion, whereby the water accumulated in the steam drum is circulated in the upper portion of the water tubes.

3. A steam boiler including in combination, a combustion chamber and a boiler chamher or compartment, a partition wall separating said combustion chamber from said boiler chamber or compartment except at their upper ends, drums mounted in the opposite ends of said boiler chamber or compartment, water tubes connecting said drums, means for supplying water to the lower drum, means for discharging steam from the upper drum, the general movement of the water being upward in said water tubes, means for providing an additional circulation of the water in the upper portion of the water tubes where they are subjected to the hottest gases and products of combustion, whereby the water accumulated in the steam drum is circulated in the upper portion of the water tubes, said means including tubes of smaller diameter than said water tubes and mounted within the upper portions of said water tubes, said second mentioned tubes being considerably shorter than said water tubes and communicating directly with the steam drum, said water tubes and said second mentioned tubes both opening into said steam drum.

4. In an apparatus of the character described, a combustion chamber and a boiler chamber or compartment communicating only at their upper end portions, a steam drum at the top of said boiler chamber or compartment and a water drum at the bottom thereof and spaced from the partition wall thereof, water tubes connecting said drums, the gases and products of combustion passing directly under and in contact with the bottom of said steam drum, thence downwardly between the water .tubes and around the water drum to the discharge flue, smaller tubes in the upper portions of said first mentioned tubes and spaced therefrom and communicating with said steam drum to receive and return to the larger tubes surplus water in said steam drum, the bottom ends of said return tubes terminating at approximately the normal boiling point of the water in said larger water tubes, whereby a circulation is provided in the hottest portions of the .water tubes.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, a steam drum and a water or mud drum, .tube sheets forming part of the Walls of said drums, water tubes connecting said tube sheets, brackets or supporting members secured to the opposite walls of said drums, a bar or member detachably connected to each set of brackets or supporting members, turn-buckles secured to said tube sheets and said bars or members for bracing the tube sheets.

6. A steam boiler including in combination, a combustion chamber, and a boiler chambercommunicating, drums mounted in the opposite .ends of'said boiler chamber, water tubes connecting said drums, one of said drums being a water drum and the other drum, a steam drum, the boiler chamber being so arranged so that the hot gases and products of combustion chamber enter the same at the steam drum end thereof and contact with the steam drum and the end portions of the water tubes, circulating tubes positioned in the steam end of said water tubes, said circulatlng tubes being shorter in length and of less diameter than said water tubes and being spaced therefrom and having free communication with said steam drum, said Water tubes also havlng free communication with said steam drum so that 7 in addition to the general circulation in the water tubes, an auxiliary circulation in the I v chamber, water tubes connecting said drums,

one of said drums being a water drum and the other drum, the steam drum, the boiler chamber being so arranged that the hot gases and products of combustion from the combustion chamber enter the same at the steam drum end thereof and contact with the steam drum and the end portions of the Water tubes, circulating tubes positioned in the steam end of said water tubes, said circulating tubes being shorter in length and of less diameter than said Water tubes and being spaced therefrom and having free communication with said steam drum, said Water tubes also having free communication with said steam drum, said circulating tubes having the bell mouth portions extending into the steam drum beyond the end of the water tubes.

In testimony whereof I sign my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT FARIES.

Witnesses:

NORA GRAHAM, R. D. TURK.

' Copies of this patent maybe obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. G. 

